A vaginal yeast infection, also known as candidiasis, is caused by an overgrowth of a fungus called Candida, commonly Candida albicans. This fungus naturally lives in small amounts in the vagina, mouth, and digestive tract but can multiply when the balance of bacteria and yeast in the body is disrupted.
There are a few symptoms by which you can identify yeast infections:
❣ Itching and irritation in the vagina and vulva. ❣ Swelling and redness around the vaginal area. ❣ A thick, white, odorless discharge that resembles cottage cheese. ❣ Pain or discomfort during intercourse or when urinating. ❣ Burning sensation around the vaginal area.
Causes of yeast infection
Several factors can increase the likelihood of a yeast infection:
❀ Antibiotic use.
Antibiotics, while targeting harmful bacteria, can also affect the beneficial bacteria in the body, disrupting the natural balance and allowing yeast to multiply unchecked.
❀ Hormonal changes.
Fluctuations in hormone levels due to pregnancy, oral contraceptives, or hormone therapy can alter the vaginal environment, leading to an overgrowth of yeast. Higher levels of estrogen are particularly linked to an increased risk.
❀ Diabetes.
Poorly managed blood sugar levels, especially in individuals with diabetes, create conditions that favor yeast growth. Elevated glucose in the blood and tissues provides fuel for the yeast, making infections more frequent and harder to control.
❀ Weakened immune system.
A compromised immune system, whether from chronic illnesses like HIV/AIDS or immunosuppressive medications, reduces the body’s ability to keep yeast populations in check, leading to more frequent infections.
❀ Poor hygiene or overuse of scented hygiene products.
Although hygiene is important, overuse of scented products or douching can disrupt the natural pH and bacterial balance, creating conditions conducive to yeast infections.
❀ Tight-fitting clothes and damp conditions.
Wearing tight clothes or staying in damp environments, such as sitting in a wet swimsuit for extended periods, can create a warm, moist area where yeast thrives.
❀ Stress and lack of sleep.
Chronic stress and insufficient sleep weaken the immune system, making the body more vulnerable to infections, including yeast overgrowth.
❀ Dietary habits.
Diets high in sugar and refined carbs can promote the growth of yeast, as sugar serves as a food source for Candida.
Treatment
Vaginal yeast infections are typically treated with a combination of medical and home remedies, depending on the severity and frequency of the infections:
❥ Over-the-сounter Antifungal creams, ointments, or suppositories.
Common antifungal treatments, such as miconazole and clotrimazole, are available in cream, ointment, and suppository forms. These can be applied directly to the affected area to relieve symptoms like itching, burning, and irritation.
❥ Prescription antifungal medications.
For more persistent or severe cases, healthcare providers may prescribe oral antifungals, such as fluconazole, which works systemically to eliminate the yeast infection. Typically, a single dose is effective, but in chronic cases, a longer treatment course may be needed.
❥ Home Remedies.
Some people find relief through natural methods that help restore the vaginal microbiome. For instance:
Plain yogurt (with Live cultures): Plain, unsweetened yogurt that contains live, active cultures can be used to help balance the natural bacteria in the vagina. You can apply it directly to the affected area or add it to your diet to promote the growth of good bacteria like Lactobacillus, which helps combat yeast overgrowth.
Probiotics: Probiotic supplements, especially those containing Lactobacillus strains, can be taken orally or used as vaginal suppositories to help restore the natural balance of bacteria in the body. Consuming probiotic-rich foods, such as yogurt, kefir, sauerkraut, and other fermented foods, can also be beneficial.
Coconut oil: Coconut oil has natural antifungal properties. Applying a small amount of pure, organic coconut oil to the affected area may help relieve itching and irritation caused by yeast infections. It can also be used internally by applying it inside the vaginal area to combat yeast.
Feminine wash: Using a feminine wash specifically designed for women can help maintain the delicate pH balance of the vaginal area. These washes are usually formulated to be mild, fragrance-free, and free of harsh chemicals that can disrupt the natural flora. Unlike regular soaps, which can be too harsh for the vaginal environment, feminine washes are designed to gently cleanse without stripping away beneficial bacteria. Regular use of a suitable feminine wash can help reduce the risk of yeast infections by keeping the area clean without causing irritation or imbalance. It's important to choose a wash with a pH level that matches the natural vaginal pH, which is typically between 3.8 and 4.5.
Prevention
Preventing yeast infections involves making small lifestyle changes and monitoring any conditions that may predispose you to infections:
❀ Wear loose, breathable cotton underwear: Cotton allows for better airflow and helps reduce moisture, making it less likely for yeast to thrive. Avoiding tight, non-breathable fabrics, especially in warm weather, is essential.
❀ Avoid staying in damp clothes for extended periods: Promptly change out of swimsuits or workout gear after activities to prevent moisture from creating a favorable environment for yeast growth.
❀ Limit use of scented products and harsh soaps: These products can disrupt the vaginal flora and alter the pH balance, which can encourage yeast overgrowth. Instead, use mild, fragrance-free products formulated for sensitive skin.
❀ Maintain good personal hygiene: Regular, gentle cleansing of the vaginal area can help prevent infections, but avoid over-washing or using antibacterial soaps, as these can remove protective bacteria.
❀ Manage blood sugar levels: For individuals with diabetes, maintaining controlled blood sugar levels is essential, as high glucose can fuel yeast growth and increase infection risk.
❀ Consult a healthcare professional: If you experience frequent or recurring yeast infections, consult a healthcare provider. Chronic infections can be a sign of underlying health conditions, such as diabetes or immune-related disorders, that may require additional treatment.
By understanding the causes and taking proactive steps toward treatment and prevention, most women can effectively manage and reduce the occurrence of yeast infections. Whether through medical intervention, lifestyle changes, or natural remedies, the key is to maintain balance and pay attention to the body’s signals.
Remember, that Yeast Infection can have similar symptoms with Urinary Tract Infections. To avoid misunderstanding, check our article about UTI!