Human Papillomavirus: Exploring the Virus That Affects Millions
What is Human Papillomavirus?
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a common sexually transmitted infection which can affect the skin, genital area and throat. Almost all sexually active people will be infected at some point in their lives, usually without symptoms. In most cases the immune system clears HPV from the body. Persistent infection with high-risk HPV can cause abnormal cells to develop, which go on to become cancer.
HPV is a group of viruses that affect the skin and mucous membranes of humans. There are more than 200 different strains of HPV, around 40 of which affect the genital and anal areas. The virus is primarily transmitted through sexual contact, although transmission through skin-to-skin contact is also possible.
Symptoms and Diseases Caused by HPV:
Persistent HPV infection of the cervix (the lower part of the uterus or womb, which opens into the vagina – also called the birth canal) if left untreated, causes 95% of cervical cancers.
Most people with HPV are unaware of their infection, as it can often be asymptomatic.
However, some strains of HPV can cause the following diseases:
Warts: Some strains of HPV can cause the formation of warts on the skin of the hands, feet, face, or genitals.
Cervical Cancer: Some high-risk strains of HPV can lead to cervical cancer in women.
Anal Cancer and Genital Cancer: HPV can be associated with anal cancer and other types of cancer of the genital organs in both men and women.
Diagnosis and Treatment:
Women should be screened for cervical cancer from age 25 years. Your health care provider will advice you accordingly.
Precancers rarely cause symptoms, reason why regular cervical cancer screening is important, even if you have been vaccinated against HPV.
After a positive HPV test (or other screening method) a healthcare provider can look for changes on the cervix (such as precancers) which may develop into cervical cancer if left untreated. Treatment of precancers is a simple procedure and prevents cervical cancer.
Early detection, diagnosis and treatment of cervical cancer.
Cervical cancer can be cured if diagnosed and treated at an early stage of disease. Recognizing symptoms and seeking medical advice to address any concerns is critical.
You should see a healthcare professional if you notice any of the following:
• unusual bleeding between periods, after menopause, or after sexual intercourse
• increased or foul-smelling vaginal discharge
• persistent pain in the back, legs, or pelvis
• weight loss, fatigue and loss of appetite
• vaginal discomfort
• swelling in the legs.
Once a diagnosis is confirmed, it is followed by treatment, which include surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy as well as palliative care to provide supportive care and pain management.
Prevention and Protection:
The best way to protect oneself from HPV is by using condoms during sexual contact and by getting vaccinated. HPV vaccination is recommended for girls and boys aged 9 to 14 years, as well as for young adults up to age 26 who have not been vaccinated previously.
Being a non-smoker or stopping smoking.
Voluntary male circumcision.
HPV is a serious virus that can lead to various diseases, including cancer. Understanding the risks and taking steps to prevent and treat HPV are important measures to ensure the health and well-being of all.