Ovarian cysts are fluid-filled sacs that develop on or inside a woman's ovaries, often as part of the normal reproductive process. Most cysts are benign and resolve on their own without causing any noticeable symptoms. However, some cysts can grow larger, leading to discomfort, irregular menstrual cycles, or even complications if they rupture or twist.
The causes of ovarian cysts range from hormonal imbalances and ovulatory irregularities to conditions like endometriosis and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). While many cysts are harmless, others may require medical evaluation to ensure proper diagnosis and treatment.
Types of ovarian cysts
❀ Follicular cyst
The most common type of cyst that occurs when a dominant follicle does not release an egg during ovulation and continues to grow. These cysts are generally harmless and often disappear on their own within a few menstrual cycles.
❀ Corpus luteum cyst
Forms when a follicle, after releasing an egg, does not shrink as it should and instead fills with fluid or blood. It can cause discomfort, but often resolves on its own.
❀ Hemorrhagic cyst
Occurs when bleeding happens within a follicular or corpus luteum cyst. It can cause pain, especially if the cyst ruptures. They often dissolve on their own.
❀ Dermoid cyst (Mature teratoma)
A benign tumor that may contain various types of tissue, such as hair, skin, or even teeth. These cysts grow slowly and can become quite large. They usually require surgical removal, as they do not resolve on their own.
❀ Endometrioma
Develops in women with endometriosis, when endometrial tissue grows on the ovary. These cysts are filled with old blood, which turns dark over time. They may cause pain and fertility issues.
❀ Polycystic ovaries (PCOS)
Characterized by the presence of many small cysts within the ovaries, often associated with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS). This condition interferes with ovulation and is associated with irregular periods, hormonal imbalances, and infertility.
❀ Mucinous cyst
These cysts can grow very large and contain a mucous-like substance. They are usually benign, but in rare cases, they can be malignant.
❀ Paraovarian cyst
This cyst forms near the ovary, in the tissue between the ovary and fallopian tube. Often symptomless and found incidentally during an exam.
Symptoms of ovarian cysts
Most ovarian cysts do not cause symptoms and are found incidentally during an ultrasound. However, some cysts may cause:
❥ Pelvic pain or pressure.
❥ Bloating or swelling in the abdomen.
❥ Menstrual irregularities.
❥ Pain during intercourse.
❥ Sharp, sudden pain if the cyst ruptures, which may also cause bleeding.
Treatment
There are a few ways to treat cysts:
♥️ Observation.
Small, functional cysts often disappear on their own, and doctors may recommend regular monitoring.
♥️ Hormonal Therapy.
Birth control pills may help prevent the formation of new cysts.
♥️ Surgery.
Larger cysts, those causing symptoms, or cysts suspected to be cancerous may need to be surgically removed.
If you suspect you have an ovarian cyst or are experiencing symptoms, it's a good idea to see a healthcare provider for an ultrasound and proper diagnosis.